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IP / PPP / PPPoA / ATM AAL5 / ADSL

Though PPP/PPPoA is optional, it is a very logical choice for establishing individual Internet access for each customer over an ATM-based network.
The motive is to use PPP's features (see the PPP overview, which you can link to from the Stack page).
PPP fits naturally over ATM since both are connection oriented.
PPPoA encapsulates PPP's packets using the method defined in RFC 2364.
With this method the customer is always connected after the establishment of the virual circuit.
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Network Components
Home or office computerTelephone
ADSL ModemSplitter
Voice SwitchSplitter
DSLAM
ATM or Ethernet Network
ISP
Internet